Faith Meets World

Reflections on faith in a messed-up but beautiful world

Book review: Signs of Change by Anthony Bartlett

It’s now over two years since I reviewed Anthony Bartlett’s Theology Beyond Metaphysics. Today I have the pleasure of reviewing its follow-up volume, published in 2022 and titled Signs of Change: The Bible’s Evolution of Divine Nonviolence.

Perhaps the easiest way to set the scene for Signs of Change is to quote from my review of Theology Beyond Metaphysics:

In his earlier work Virtually Christian, Bartlett explored how the Gospel has infiltrated culture in such a way as to influence and subvert human meaning, much as yeast spreads through a batch of dough and ends up decisively influencing the final form of the loaf. In this latest work, he follows the river of meaning upstream to its source and draws from a range of seminal thinkers to make a reasoned – and, crucially, non-metaphysical – case for precisely how the Gospel has achieved this feat of influencing and subverting meaning to radically reshape what it is to be a human being. If in Virtually Christian Bartlett took the finished loaf and broke it open to observe and describe how it had been affected by the yeast, in Theology Beyond Metaphysics he wants to go back to first principles and try to account for how the leaven of the Gospel got into the dough of human culture in the first place and by what mechanisms and processes it did – and continues to do – its subversive and formative work.

To summarise, in Theology Beyond Metaphysics Bartlett explored the semiological means by which the absolute non-violence of God infiltrated and subverted human culture. To quote again from my previous review, in the final chapter of that volume, the author offered

a refreshing and inspiring reading of the Gospel of John, highlighting and explaining how its author makes ingenious and creative use of signs to reveal, transform and reshape human meaning

That final chapter of Theology Beyond Metaphysics sets out a fresh perspective on John’s Gospel that is entirely congruent with Christian orthodoxy yet boldly innovative in its exploration of how the Gospel text creatively and subversively works to transform and reshape human meaning. The good news for those who enjoyed this exciting new take on a classic biblical text is that Signs of Change offers much more in the same vein, this time taking as its canvas not just one of the Gospels but the broad sweep of the biblical canon.

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Crucify him!

This morning I stood in the congregation at Coventry Cathedral’s Good Friday Passion Service as members of the cathedral clergy enacted a dramatised form of Matthew’s account of the trial and crucifixion of Jesus. As Pilate questioned Jesus and the priestly caste lobbied for his death, the congregation was asked to take on the role of the crowd:

Crucify him!

Like most Christians, I’m pretty familiar with the events surrounding Jesus’ death. I’ve often pondered about the people in the crowd who bayed for his blood, and I’ve written before about how quick they were to pivot from Hosanna! to Have him strung up!

But it’s one thing to muse dispassionately about other people’s attitudes and intentions, especially when those people are separated from you by two thousand years of history and a yawning cultural chasm; it’s quite another to suddenly find yourself standing with them clamouring for blood, even if only as part of a dramatic re-enactment.

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Book review: Theology Beyond Metaphysics by Anthony Bartlett

Today I have the honour of reviewing the recently published Theology Beyond Metaphysics: Transformative Metaphysics of René Girard by Anthony Bartlett.

British-born but a longtime resident of Syracuse, New York, Bartlett is a former priest and theologian whose thinking has been radically influenced by the work of the late French cultural anthropologist René Girard. He is a prolific author whose previous work includes Cross Purposes, in which he sought to dismantle prevalent theories of the atonement rooted in violence; Virtually Christian, wherein he explored the ways in which the Gospel has infiltrated human meaning; Pascale’s Wager, a novel that is at once dystopian and utopian in which he creatively explores key Girardian themes, their effects in human relationships and culture, and what they might mean for the future of humanity; and Seven Stories: How to Study and Teach the Nonviolent Bible, a personal and group study guide offering a thoughtful re-reading of seven key biblical themes from the perspective of non-violent theology.

So much for the background. Now, on to the book in hand.

We might perhaps begin by consider its title. If one stops to consider what it might mean to talk about Theology Beyond Metaphysics, one will quickly realise that the vast bulk of Christian theology categorically has not been and cannot be said to be “beyond metaphysics”: that is to say, philosophical abstractions have been and continue to be deeply embedded in most Christian theologies and the worldviews they inform and support. Indeed, one might even say that when it comes to theology, many people are utterly dependent on philosophical abstractions to answer questions (or metaphysically defer answering them) and fill in gaps that would otherwise remain unresolved and open. It may be no exaggeration to suggest that metaphysics is the most frequently played theological “get out of jail free” card.

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Book review: Pauline Dogmatics by Douglas A. Campbell

Today I have the pleasure of sharing some thoughts about the latest (big) book from Pauline scholar Douglas Campbell, titled Pauline Dogmatics: The Triumph of God’s Love. Campbell is a professor of New Testament at Duke Divinity School (North Carolina, USA) and is well known for having already published a number of popular and scholarly works on Paul, including a highly accessible account of Paul’s life and theological development, Paul: An Apostle’s Journey, and a groundbreaking (and massive) scholarly treatment, The Deliverance of God: An Apocalyptic Rereading of Justification in Paul.

Given that Pauline Dogmatics weighs in at over 700 pages, it would be impossible in the scope of a single short review to do anything more than briefly skim over its surface and offer a few high-level observations – so that’s what I’ll attempt to do.

What is Pauline Dogmatics all about? Put simply, it is Campbell’s attempt to construct a full-orbed theology of Paul built on Paul’s writings as they come to us in the New Testament. Campbell himself describes it as his “basic account of Paul’s deepest and most important theological convictions, their ideal coordination, and the further steps we need to take to bring those convictions into a constructive conversation with our modern locations” (p. 1). It’s not uncommon for preachers and others with an interest in biblical application to rummage about in Paul’s writings in an attempt to work out what his position was on this or that theological issue (justification, the role of men and women in society and the church, eschatology, etc.). The problem with that kind of approach is that it’s all too easy to end up with a grab-bag of disconnected bits and pieces of theology that are more likely to be shaped by the reader’s own biases than by whatever underlying framework Paul’s writings were grounded in. The mission Campbell sets himself here – and it’s an ambitious one – is to recover and reconstruct that underlying framework so that each and every piece of Paul’s theology can be seen in proper perspective as a component of a coherent overarching theology and worldview.

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Book review: That All Shall Be Saved by David Bentley Hart

In the years-long process of reconfiguring my theology from rigid, evangelical dogmatism to something much richer, deeper, truer and more life-giving, one of the last changes I publicly acknowledged was the abandonment of the idea of a hell of eternal torment. (The piece I wrote when I finally, publicly let go of that abhorrent notion is here.) If I left it late to publicly nail my colours to the mast on the question of hell, it was partly because I hadn’t spent much time and effort digging into the topic, and partly because the existence of a hellish alternative to paradise is such a foundational component of evangelical dogma that I was wary of the backlash such a public disavowal might provoke. (In the event, it didn’t provoke much of a backlash at all – probably because anyone who might have called for my burning at the stake either simply didn’t notice or had already written me off as a heretic long before.)

I say all of that to say this: had David Bentley Hart’s new book That All Shall Be Saved been available for me to read a decade or so ago, I would probably have dispensed with the abhorrent notion of a hell of eternal torment much sooner than I did – and, having read the book, I would have been able to do so with a fair amount of confidence.

For those not familiar with David Bentley Hart, he is an Eastern Orthodox scholar of religion and a prolific writer, philosopher and cultural commentator. The “Eastern Orthodox” part of those credentials is important, because it means Hart’s theology and philosophy is rooted in the thought and writings of the Church Fathers, relatively untainted by later layers of (mis)interpretation and obfuscation.

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Book review: A More Christlike Way by Brad Jersak

I’ve been dabbling in amateur theology for a few years now. One of the main reasons I find theology a worthwhile pursuit – beyond the pure intellectual joy of contemplating and wrestling with some of life’s biggest questions – is that our theology inescapably affects how we inhabit and move through the world. Our actions mostly flow out of our attitudes, which in turn are strongly influenced by what we believe about ultimate reality – which, after all, is what theology is all about.

My own theological journey has been one of significant change over the past decade or so. My perspective on key issues like the character of God, the nature of Jesus, the atonement, forgiveness, sin, salvation, and so on is very different now from what it was not so long ago. And I’m not alone: largely through the magic of the internet, I’m fortunate to have gained a great many friends who’ve been on or are still on similar journeys. Perhaps now more than ever before, people all over the world are challenging stale orthodoxies and discovering healthier, more life-giving ways to think about God and faith.

However, remodelling your long-held beliefs is not for the faint of heart: when seeming certainties you’ve been taking for granted for decades are suddenly thrown open to question, it can be a challenging and sometimes bewildering process. Adding to the difficulty, those in the midst of theological reorientation can often find themselves feeling quite isolated as the people with whom they’ve shared their faith experience thus far prove unable (and/or unwilling) to provide answers to their questions or even to sympathise with their plight.

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Church reborn – A sermon for the seventh Sunday of Easter (Pentecost)

[This post is the transcript of a sermon I preached this morning at the local Anglican church I attend.]

Today’s text is Acts 2:1-21. You can read it here.

Introduction

I have the honour of preaching on the Day of Pentecost. It’s a particular honour because today is also a significant day in the life of St Giles’ Church, Exhall. Why? Because it’s the final Sunday before our new vicar formally takes up her role. Almost a year of self-examination, anticipation and preparation is drawing to a close, and hopefully we’re all looking forward to moving into a new season filled with hope and possibility.

So as we stand on the threshold between these two seasons in the life of our church, reflecting on the journey that’s brought us to this point and wondering what lies ahead, I’d like us to take a few moments to see what we can learn from what happened to Jesus’ followers as they gathered in Jerusalem on the Day of Pentecost.

Gathered together

The first thing I notice in our reading from Acts is that, as Luke, the writer, tells us, “they were all together in one place”. This might seem an insignificant detail, easy to skip over without giving it a second thought. They were all in a room together – so what?

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